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Today’s tip from Steenbe.nl
The first step is to make sure that your internal network functions. You should setup your second Ethernet wired or wireless card and set its IP address to something like “192.168.10.1? via “ifconfig” utility as follows:
$ ifconfig eth1 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
This setup will be forgotten after a reboot, its better to add these lines to /etc/network/interfaces (replacing any previous declarations of eth1):
# The extended interfaces
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.10.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
Check if the previous command worked by typing the following:
$ ifconfig
The result will look like this
ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:6E:8A:BD:ED
inet addr:192.168.1.64 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:6eff:fe8a:bded/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:80071 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:44847 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:119404142 (113.8 MB) TX bytes:3332468 (3.1 MB)
Interrupt:20
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:20:18:3A:4E:AE
inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::220:18ff:fe3a:4eae/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2092 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:17
TX packets:1998 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:158939 (155.2 KB) TX bytes:348453 (340.2 KB)
Interrupt:16 Base address:0xa800
Next edit the following file to add the DHCP support on eth1:
$ nano /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
To save & close the file press Ctrl+X and then Y
Edit these values (add if missing)
# The ddns-updates-style parameter controls whether or not the server will
# attempt to do a DNS update when a lease is confirmed. We default to the
# behavior of the version 2 packages (’none’, since DHCP v2 didn’t
# have support for DDNS.)
ddns-update-style ad-hoc;# option definitions common to all supported networks…
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;
option routers 192.168.10.1;
option domain-name “SOMENAME”;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.1;default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative;subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.10.10 192.168.10.100;
}
Explanation:
eth1 has the IP address 192.168.10.1 and the dhcp server now uses it as its home ip address.
One more thing needs to be configured before we can run the DHCP server
Open the file /etc/default/dhcp3-server
$ nano /etc/default/dhcp3-server
# Defaults for dhcp initscript
# sourced by /etc/init.d/dhcp
# installed at /etc/default/dhcp3-server by the maintainer scripts
#
# This is a POSIX shell fragment
#
# On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?
# Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. “eth0 eth1?.
INTERFACES=”eth1?
Explanation:
Like the comment it the file says we are specifying the network card which must be used to handle dhcp requests
Finally the setup is done!
So lets run the DHCP server with:
$ /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start
/etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start
* Starting DHCP server dhcpd3
…done.
If it report fails then look at the error log file ($ less /var/log/syslog and press END to view the last events)
Now you can test the connection to the server from any client connected to the server by:
$ ping 192.168.10.1 (to check if you can see the server)
$sudo dhclient eth0 (where eth0 is the ethernet port used by the client)
The last command is to get DHCP information from the server to the client, which will be reported in the following manner:
$ dhclient eth0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.5
Copyright 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:6e:8a:bd:ed
Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:6e:8a:bd:ed
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.10.1
DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK from 192.168.10.1
bound to 192.168.10.64 — renewal in 41658 seconds.
Now that we have a connection to the server we want to have internet on the client pc. The internet connection of the server needs to be shared with the clients. The actual sharing component in Linux is done via the firewall (iptables or ipchains depending on the Kernel version)
First enable forwarding of the ipv4 layer
$ nano /etc/sysctl.conf
#
# /etc/sysctl.conf - Configuration file for setting system variables
# See sysctl.conf (5) for information.
#
#kernel.domainname = example.com
#net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
# the following stops low-level messages on console
kernel.printk = 4 4 1 7
# enable /proc/$pid/maps privacy so that memory relocations are not
# visible to other users.
kernel.maps_protect = 1
##############################################################3
# Functions previously found in netbase
#
# Uncomment the next line to enable Spoof protection (reverse-path filter)
#net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
# Uncomment the next line to enable TCP/IP SYN cookies
#net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6
#net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding=1
Now that we can do forwarding lets do it:
$ iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE (the forwarding)
$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward (the code to enable forwarding without reboot)
But like all programs the live configuration will be forgotten on reboot, so lets save it:
$ iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules
Now that it’s saved we need to load the iptables.rules on starting the network:
$ nano /etc/network/interfaces (replacing any previous declarations of eth0):
# The extended interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
post-down iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
The complete file /etc/network/interfaces should look like this after all the modifications we applied:
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
post-down iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules# The extended interfaces
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.10.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
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andLinux is a complete Ubuntu Linux system running seamlessly in Windows 2000 based systems (2000, XP, 2003, Vista; 32-bit versions only). This project was started for Dynamism for the GP2X community, but its userbase far exceeds its original design. andLinux is free and will remain so, but donations are greatly needed.
andLinux uses coLinux as its core which is confusing for many people. coLinux is a port of the Linux kernel to Windows. Although this technology is a bit like running Linux in a virtual machine, coLinux differs itself by being more of a merger of Windows and the Linux kernel and not an emulated PC, making it more efficient. Xming is used as X server and PulseAudio as sound server.
andLinux is not just for development and runs almost all Linux applications without modification.
Screenshot (click to enlarge)
To start Linux applications, you may either use the XFCE Panel:
The XFCE Panel
Or, you may choose to use the andLinux Launcher, which ships with andLinux since Beta 1. It consists of:
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From Associated Press - Original Article can be found here
NEW YORK (AP) — Computers that run the Linux operating system instead of Microsoft Corp.’s Windows didn’t attract enough attention from Wal-Mart customers, and the chain has stopped selling them in stores, a spokeswoman said Monday.
“This really wasn’t what our customers were looking for,” said Wal-Mart Stores Inc. spokeswoman Melissa O’Brien.
To test demand for systems with the open-source operating system, Wal-Mart stocked the $199 “Green gPC,” made by Everex of Taiwan, in about 600 stores starting late in October.
Walmart.com, the chain’s e-commerce site, had sold Linux-based computers before and will continue selling the gPC.
This was the first time they appeared on retail shelves.
Paul Kim, brand manager for Everex, said selling the gPC online was “significantly more effective” than selling it in stores.
Wal-Mart sold out the in-store gPC inventory but decided not to restock, O’Brien said. The company does not reveal sales figures for individual items.
Walmart.com now carries an updated version, the gPC2, also for $199, without a monitor. The site also sells a tiny Linux-driven laptop, the Everex CloudBook, for $399.
Linux software is maintained and developed by individuals and companies around the world on an “open source” basis, meaning that everyone has access to the software’s blueprints and can modify them.
There is no licensing fee for Linux, which helps keeps the cost of the Everex PC low. Manufacturers have to pay Microsoft to sell computers with Windows preloaded.
Linux is in widespread use in server computers, but it hasn’t made a dent in the desktop market. Surveys usually put its share of that market around 1 percent, far behind Windows and Apple Inc.’s OS X.
Smaller laptops like the CloudBook could provide an entree for Linux, since it runs well on systems with modest memory and hard drive capacity.
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Want to change hidden system and desktop settings? Check out Ubuntu Tweak
Ubuntu Tweak Features
Install Ubuntu Tweak
First you need to download the appropriate Ubuntu Tweak for your system from the here: http://ubuntu-tweak.com/downloads
Now you have .deb package install this package using the following command
sudo dpkg -i ubuntu-tweak_*.deb
Install from repository for Gutsy
No matter which Ubuntu do you use, open your terminal, type the command to run gedit (or other editor in your opinion) to modify the sources.list
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
And put the two line into it
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu gutsy main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu gutsy main
Then update the source and install or upgrade Ubuntu Tweak
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak
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Ryan Paul over at Ars Technica has written a great detailed review of the new Alpha 5 release of Ubuntu Linux 8.04. In it he gives Wubi - a new addition to the Ubuntu Installation - a thorough going over.
One of the most significant new features added in alpha 5 is support for Wubi, a new installation mechanism that makes it easier for Ubuntu and Windows to coexist on the same computer. Wubi provides a complete Ubuntu installer that can be run in Windows from the Ubuntu Live CD. It installs Ubuntu into a folder on the Windows file system and sets up a boot menu so that users can choose between Windows and Ubuntu when the computer starts.
Unlike a regular dual-boot configuration, Wubi doesn’t require users to create a partition on their hard drives for Ubuntu. When Ubuntu is installed with Wubi, it can be uninstalled directly from the Add/Remove Programs utility in Windows.
I tested Wubi on Windows XP with an Ubuntu 8.04 alpha 5 Live CD. The installer is trivially easy to use and works just like a regular Windows installation program. It requests a target drive, the desired size of the drive image, the default username, and the password for the default user. The disk image gets installed in an Ubuntu directory on the root of the target drive. After I finished my tests, I was able to uninstall Wubi without any difficulty.
To read Ryan Paul’s full article visit Wubi Arrives: a look at Ubuntu 8.04 alpha 5
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Microsoft Office 2007 introduced a new format standard for their Word files, the .docx file extension. With the introduction of this file previous versions of MS Office can download an add on so they can convert the file for viewing…. but how do you open these files in Ubuntu Linux?
To open Microsoft Office .docx files in OpenOffice, you have to install this convertor.
Download the convertor
i386:
ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/www.getdeb.net/od/odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_i386.deb
Amd64:
http://cesium.di.uminho.pt/pub/getdeb/od/odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_amd64.deb
Install the package
sudo dpkg -i odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_i386.deb #for i386 users sudo dpkg -i odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_amd64.deb #for amd64 users
Alternatively, you can simply double-click the .deb to install it. You can now open and edit .docx files using OpenOffice.org.
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Today’s tip of the day comes from UbuntuGeek’s How to Install gOS on Ubuntu:
Would you like to buy me a beer?The gOS distribution is based on the Ubuntu 7.10 distribution. It uses the Enlightenment 17 window manager instead of the usual GNOME or KDE desktops, allowing for lower memory and speed requirements. Therefore gOS starts to work reasonably well on systems as low end as a 1GHz Pentium III with 256MB RAM. Due to the fact it leans heavy on on-line applications built on Web 2.0 and AJAX technology it also does not use much hard disk space for applications, the whole system fits comfortably in less than 2 GB of hard disk space.
Open your sources.list file add the gOS Repositories
For Ubuntu Users
gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
For Kubuntu Users
kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list
For Xubuntu Users
gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list
Enter these lines
# gOS Repositories
deb http://packages.thinkgos.com/gos/ painful main
deb-src http://packages.thinkgos.com/gos/ painful mainImport the key
wget http://www.thinkgos.com/files/gos_repo_key.asc
sudo apt-key add gos_repo_key.asc
rm gos_repo_key.asc
sudo aptitude update
Install gOS on Ubuntu
sudo aptitude install greenos-desktop xorg
Remove gOS on Ubuntu
The following will then remove the entire Environment for you.
sudo aptitude remove greenos-desktop
The Environment will be available from the Sessions menu
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For support or questions see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=394097
echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org gutsy main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list wget http://packages.dfreer.org/7572013D.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install psx32 #for amd64 users sudo apt-get install psx #for everyone else
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Do you hate entering a bunch on numbers on the keypad only to relise that num lock is off!? I do!
Today’s tips is for everyone who has suffered the blight of this slight, but annoying problem in Ubuntu.
sudo apt-get install numlockx
sudo cp /etc/gdm/Init/Default /etc/gdm/Init/Default.bak
gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/Init/Default
if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then /usr/bin/numlockx on fi
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