Matt Vapor’s Blog

Today’s tip from Steenbe.nl

The first step is to make sure that your internal network functions. You should setup your second Ethernet wired or wireless card and set its IP address to something like “192.168.10.1? via “ifconfig” utility as follows:
$ ifconfig eth1 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
This setup will be forgotten after a reboot, its better to add these lines to /etc/network/interfaces (replacing any previous declarations of eth1):

# The extended interfaces
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.10.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

Check if the previous command worked by typing the following:
$ ifconfig

The result will look like this

ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:6E:8A:BD:ED
inet addr:192.168.1.64 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:6eff:fe8a:bded/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:80071 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:44847 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:119404142 (113.8 MB) TX bytes:3332468 (3.1 MB)
Interrupt:20
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:20:18:3A:4E:AE
inet addr:192.168.10.1 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::220:18ff:fe3a:4eae/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2092 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:17
TX packets:1998 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:158939 (155.2 KB) TX bytes:348453 (340.2 KB)
Interrupt:16 Base address:0xa800

Next edit the following file to add the DHCP support on eth1:
$ nano /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
To save & close the file press Ctrl+X and then Y

Edit these values (add if missing)

# The ddns-updates-style parameter controls whether or not the server will
# attempt to do a DNS update when a lease is confirmed. We default to the
# behavior of the version 2 packages (’none’, since DHCP v2 didn’t
# have support for DDNS.)
ddns-update-style ad-hoc;

# option definitions common to all supported networks…
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.10.255;
option routers 192.168.10.1;
option domain-name “SOMENAME”;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.10.1;

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;

# If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local
# network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented.
authoritative;

subnet 192.168.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.10.10 192.168.10.100;
}

Explanation:
eth1 has the IP address 192.168.10.1 and the dhcp server now uses it as its home ip address.

One more thing needs to be configured before we can run the DHCP server
Open the file /etc/default/dhcp3-server
$ nano /etc/default/dhcp3-server

# Defaults for dhcp initscript
# sourced by /etc/init.d/dhcp
# installed at /etc/default/dhcp3-server by the maintainer scripts
#
# This is a POSIX shell fragment
#
# On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?
# Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. “eth0 eth1?.
INTERFACES=”eth1?

Explanation:
Like the comment it the file says we are specifying the network card which must be used to handle dhcp requests

Finally the setup is done!
So lets run the DHCP server with:
$ /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start

/etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start
* Starting DHCP server dhcpd3
…done.

If it report fails then look at the error log file ($ less /var/log/syslog and press END to view the last events)

Now you can test the connection to the server from any client connected to the server by:
$ ping 192.168.10.1 (to check if you can see the server)
$sudo dhclient eth0 (where eth0 is the ethernet port used by the client)

The last command is to get DHCP information from the server to the client, which will be reported in the following manner:

$ dhclient eth0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.5
Copyright 2004-2006 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/
Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:6e:8a:bd:ed
Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:6e:8a:bd:ed
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.10.1
DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK from 192.168.10.1
bound to 192.168.10.64 — renewal in 41658 seconds.

Now that we have a connection to the server we want to have internet on the client pc. The internet connection of the server needs to be shared with the clients. The actual sharing component in Linux is done via the firewall (iptables or ipchains depending on the Kernel version)

First enable forwarding of the ipv4 layer
$ nano /etc/sysctl.conf

#
# /etc/sysctl.conf - Configuration file for setting system variables
# See sysctl.conf (5) for information.
#
#kernel.domainname = example.com
#net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
# the following stops low-level messages on console
kernel.printk = 4 4 1 7
# enable /proc/$pid/maps privacy so that memory relocations are not
# visible to other users.
kernel.maps_protect = 1
##############################################################3
# Functions previously found in netbase
#
# Uncomment the next line to enable Spoof protection (reverse-path filter)
#net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
# Uncomment the next line to enable TCP/IP SYN cookies
#net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding=1
# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv6
#net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding=1

Now that we can do forwarding lets do it:
$ iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE (the forwarding)
$ echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward (the code to enable forwarding without reboot)

But like all programs the live configuration will be forgotten on reboot, so lets save it:
$ iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules
Now that it’s saved we need to load the iptables.rules on starting the network:
$ nano /etc/network/interfaces (replacing any previous declarations of eth0):

# The extended interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
post-down iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules

The complete file /etc/network/interfaces should look like this after all the modifications we applied:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
post-down iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules

# The extended interfaces
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.10.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

This blog is brought to you by CLiCK Computer Recycling

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andLinux is a complete Ubuntu Linux system running seamlessly in Windows 2000 based systems (2000, XP, 2003, Vista; 32-bit versions only). This project was started for Dynamism for the GP2X community, but its userbase far exceeds its original design. andLinux is free and will remain so, but donations are greatly needed.

andLinux uses coLinux as its core which is confusing for many people. coLinux is a port of the Linux kernel to Windows. Although this technology is a bit like running Linux in a virtual machine, coLinux differs itself by being more of a merger of Windows and the Linux kernel and not an emulated PC, making it more efficient. Xming is used as X server and PulseAudio as sound server.

andLinux is not just for development and runs almost all Linux applications without modification.

Screenshot (click to enlarge)

To start Linux applications, you may either use the XFCE Panel:

The XFCE Panel

Or, you may choose to use the andLinux Launcher, which ships with andLinux since Beta 1. It consists of:

• quicklaunch icons (e.g. for the file manager or the terminal)
• a start menu in the system tray (next to the clock) which can be adapted to your own needs
• so-called Explorer shell extensions, i.e. context menu item, with which you can open a folder in the file manager / terminal or open a file with the text editor
• file type associations at your choice (e.g. for KOffice files, .tex / .dvi / .ps / .pdf files)
• andCmd.exe to run linux commands from Windows scripts

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You can download RyanVM’s Windows XP Post-SP2 Update Pack here

This pack is designed to bring a Windows XP CD with SP2 integrated fully up to date with all of the latest hotfixes released by Microsoft since SP2’s release. It accomplishes this task via direct integration, where files on the CD are directly overwritten by the updated files. This method has numerous advantages over other integration techniques:

1. Since the files are being directly overwritten on the CD, there is no period of vulnerability between when the files are copied to the hard drive and the hotfixes are run. This guarantees maximum stability and security.
2. All necessary registry entries needed by Windows Update, QFECheck, and Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer are imported during Windows setup, meaning that the integration is transparent to Windows.
3. Security Catalogs necessary for Windows File Protection to recognize the updated files as digitally signed are installed, once again ensuring maximum transparency to Windows.
4. Since the updated files are being directly overwritten on the CD, this pack has the minimum possible amount of overhead associated with integrating hotfixes in comparison to other methods - both in space used on the CD and in Windows installation time.
5. This pack works regardless of whether or not the Windows installation is unattended.

This blog is brought to you by CLiCK Computer Recycling

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 Want to change hidden system and desktop settings? Check out Ubuntu Tweak

Ubuntu Tweak Features

• GNOME Session Control
• Show/Hide and Change Splash screen
• Show/Hide desktop icons or Mounted Volumes.
• Show/Hide/Rename Computer, Home, Trash icon or Network icon
• Use Home Directory as Desktop
• Compiz Fusion settings, Screen Edge Settings, Window Effects Settings.
• GNOME Panel Settings.
• Nautilus Settings.
• Advanced Power Management Settings.
• System Security Settings.

Install Ubuntu Tweak

First you need to download the appropriate Ubuntu Tweak for your system from the here: http://ubuntu-tweak.com/downloads

Now you have .deb package install this package using the following command

sudo dpkg -i ubuntu-tweak_*.deb

Install from repository for Gutsy

No matter which Ubuntu do you use, open your terminal, type the command to run gedit (or other editor in your opinion) to modify the sources.list

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

And put the two line into it

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu gutsy main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu gutsy main

Then update the source and install or upgrade Ubuntu Tweak

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

This blog entry is brought to you by CLiCK Computer Recycling & Assistance

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Ryan Paul over at Ars Technica has written a great detailed review of the new Alpha 5 release of Ubuntu Linux 8.04. In it he gives Wubi - a new addition to the Ubuntu Installation - a thorough going over.

One of the most significant new features added in alpha 5 is support for Wubi, a new installation mechanism that makes it easier for Ubuntu and Windows to coexist on the same computer. Wubi provides a complete Ubuntu installer that can be run in Windows from the Ubuntu Live CD. It installs Ubuntu into a folder on the Windows file system and sets up a boot menu so that users can choose between Windows and Ubuntu when the computer starts.

Unlike a regular dual-boot configuration, Wubi doesn’t require users to create a partition on their hard drives for Ubuntu. When Ubuntu is installed with Wubi, it can be uninstalled directly from the Add/Remove Programs utility in Windows.

I tested Wubi on Windows XP with an Ubuntu 8.04 alpha 5 Live CD. The installer is trivially easy to use and works just like a regular Windows installation program. It requests a target drive, the desired size of the drive image, the default username, and the password for the default user. The disk image gets installed in an Ubuntu directory on the root of the target drive. After I finished my tests, I was able to uninstall Wubi without any difficulty.

To read Ryan Paul’s full article visit Wubi Arrives: a look at Ubuntu 8.04 alpha 5

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Microsoft Office 2007 introduced a new format standard for their Word files, the .docx file extension. With the introduction of this file previous versions of MS Office can download an add on so they can convert the file for viewing…. but how do you open these files in Ubuntu Linux?

To open Microsoft Office .docx files in OpenOffice, you have to install this convertor.

Download the convertor

i386:

ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/www.getdeb.net/od/odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_i386.deb

Amd64:

http://cesium.di.uminho.pt/pub/getdeb/od/odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_amd64.deb

Install the package

sudo dpkg -i odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_i386.deb  #for i386 users
sudo dpkg -i odf-converter_1.0.0-2~getdeb1_amd64.deb #for amd64 users

Alternatively, you can simply double-click the .deb to install it. You can now open and edit .docx files using OpenOffice.org.

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Today’s tip of the day comes from UbuntuGeek’s How to Install gOS on Ubuntu:

The gOS distribution is based on the Ubuntu 7.10 distribution. It uses the Enlightenment 17 window manager instead of the usual GNOME or KDE desktops, allowing for lower memory and speed requirements. Therefore gOS starts to work reasonably well on systems as low end as a 1GHz Pentium III with 256MB RAM. Due to the fact it leans heavy on on-line applications built on Web 2.0 and AJAX technology it also does not use much hard disk space for applications, the whole system fits comfortably in less than 2 GB of hard disk space.

Open your sources.list file add the gOS Repositories

For Ubuntu Users

gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

For Kubuntu Users

kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list

For Xubuntu Users

gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list

Enter these lines

# gOS Repositories

deb http://packages.thinkgos.com/gos/ painful main
deb-src http://packages.thinkgos.com/gos/ painful main

Import the key

wget http://www.thinkgos.com/files/gos_repo_key.asc

sudo apt-key add gos_repo_key.asc

rm gos_repo_key.asc

sudo aptitude update

Install gOS on Ubuntu

sudo aptitude install greenos-desktop xorg

Remove gOS on Ubuntu

The following will then remove the entire Environment for you.

sudo aptitude remove greenos-desktop

The Environment will be available from the Sessions menu

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Yahoo! has published a very comprehensive list of what it considers to be the best Anti virus programs for this year. Making the list a many free anti-virus alternatives, which are great for those on limited incomes or those who just want a free alternative.

The free applications which made the list were:

Alwil Avast! 4.6 Home Edition - Venerable Avast! is still free for personal use, and it’s a relatively unobtrusive and capable virus stomper that will work well for just about anyone. A new feature adds a web proxy to the mix (which filters all traffic running through it for security risks), and it works will all major web browsers. It also recognizes non-virus threats like spyware and adware. The Pro edition ($40) adds a few power-user features that the average user probably won’t miss. Give the free version a try!

Aviva AntiVir PersonalEdition Classic 7 - This has long been a capable and effective antivirus product, especially noteworthy for its fast operation.

Unfortunatly AVG’s free antivirus product did not make the list.

For the full list check out Yahoo!’s article here.

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For support or questions see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=394097

• Add a 3rd Party Repository

echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org gutsy main” | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
wget http://packages.dfreer.org/7572013D.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

• Install using one of the lines below

sudo apt-get install psx32 #for amd64 users
sudo apt-get install psx   #for everyone else

• Applications > Games > pSX or pSX32

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Do you hate entering a bunch on numbers on the keypad only to relise that num lock is off!? I do!

Today’s tips is for everyone who has suffered the blight of this slight, but annoying problem in Ubuntu.

• From Synaptic, download and install “numlockx,” or, from the command line;

  sudo apt-get install numlockx

• To get it working, you now have to edit the appropriate startup file. First, make sure you have a working backup of the file:

  sudo cp /etc/gdm/Init/Default /etc/gdm/Init/Default.bak

• Next, modify the gdm/Init file. In terminal:

  gksudo gedit /etc/gdm/Init/Default

• Scroll down to the end of the file, and above the line that says “exit 0″ add the following:

  if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
  /usr/bin/numlockx on
  fi

• Next time you reboot, your NUM LOCK should default to “on.”

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